The optimal age to start training a puppy is generally around 8 to 12 weeks old. This is because puppies are most receptive to learning during this critical period of their development, and early training can help establish good habits and prevent behavioral problems in the future. However, it's important to keep in mind that every puppy is different and may have varying levels of readiness for training, so it's important to tailor the training approach to the individual puppy's needs and abilities. Additionally, socialization is also an important aspect of a puppy's development, and it's important to expose them to a variety of people, animals, and environments from a young age to help them develop into well-adjusted adult dogs.